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''Nova Express'' is a 1964 novel by William S. Burroughs. It was written using the 'fold-in' method, a version of the cut-up method, developed by Burroughs with Brion Gysin, of enfolding snippets of different texts into the novel. It is part of The Nova Trilogy, or "Cut-Up Trilogy,' together with ''The Soft Machine'' and ''The Ticket That Exploded''. Burroughs considered the trilogy a "sequel" or "mathematical" continuation of ''Naked Lunch''. ''Nova Express'' was nominated for the Nebula Award for Best Novel in 1965. It is listed in David Pringle's 1985 book Science Fiction: The 100 Best Novels. Grove Press printed a 'Restored' edition in 2014, edited by Oliver Harris, which made a number of corrections and added an introduction and extensive notes. The introduction argued for the care with which Burroughs used his methods and established the text's complex manuscript histories. ==Interpretation== ''Nova Express'' is a social commentary on human and machine control of life. The Nova Mob—Sammy the Butcher, Izzy the Push, The Subliminal Kid, and others—are viruses, "defined as the three-dimensional coordinate point of a controller."〔Burroughs, William S. ''Nova Express''. New York: Grove, 1992. p. 68〕 "which invade the human body and in the process produce language."〔Murphy, Timothy S. ''Wising Up the Marks: The Amodern William Burroughs''. New York: University of California, 1998. p. 110〕 These Nova Criminals represent society, culture, and government, and have taken control. Inspector Lee and the rest of the Nova Police are left fighting for the rest of humanity in the power struggle. "The Nova Police can be compared to apomorphine, a regulating instance that need not continue and has no intention of continuing after its work is done."〔Burroughs. ''Nova Express''. p. 51〕 The police are focused on "first-order addictions of junkies, homosexuals, dissidents, and criminals; if these criminals vanish, the police must create more in order to justify their own survival."〔Murphy. p. 131〕 The Nova Police depend upon the Nova Criminals for existence; if the criminals cease to exist, so do the police. "They act like apomorphine, the nonaddictive cure for morphine addiction that Burroughs used and then promoted for many years."〔Murphy, ibid〕 Control is the main theme of the novel, and Burroughs attempts to use language to break down the walls of culture, the biggest control machine. He uses inspector Lee to express his own thoughts about the world. "The purpose of my writing is to expose and arrest Nova Criminals. In ''Naked Lunch'', ''Soft Machine'' and ''Nova Express'' I show who they are and what they are doing and what they will do if they are not arrested. () With your help we can occupy The Reality Studio and retake their universe of Fear Death and Monopoly."〔Burroughs. ''Nova Express''. p. 14〕 As Burroughs battles with the self and what is human, he finds that language is the only way to maintain dominance over the "powerful instruments of control," which are the most prevalent enemies of human society. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nova Express」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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